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Progress Delayed, Recognition Deflected

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Introduction Globalization: a magnified pre-colonial system of transportation and trade. While attribution for connecting trade markets across oceans often falls to European colonizing powers, such as Spain and Great Britain, the fundamentals of long-distance trade stem from pre-colonial India and Mexico/the American Southwest (hereafter to be referred to as Mexico). Prior to European intervention in

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Train of pack burros in Mexico

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Train of pack burros in Mexico

http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mex/id/678/rec/4 “Train of pack burros in Mexico” Calling the pack of a burros a “train” implies the animals as a means of transportation. However, if they are for transportation, why the man walking in the field not riding a burro? He could just be walking in order to keep the burros heading in the correct

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Tunnel: Pathway to Change? →

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Tunnel: Pathway to Change?

IndiaTunnelhttp://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/eaa/id/1144/rec/163

“On the Bhore Ghaut – Tunnelling”

Beginning in the bottom left corner, a railway extends toward a tunnel in center frame. The tunnel, carved into a hillside, allows the railway to continue on its path. Does this tunnel represent European involvement in India? The photo does not have sight-lines the other side of the tunnel. Perhaps the line curves, changes elevation or just stays straight. These possible directions/changes of the railway serve as metaphors for how Europe influenced/culturally shocked India, that is, if the tunnel as depicted as the intervening point of Europe into India. From this perspective, the railway can be viewed as a timeline: before the tunnel is India on its own, after the tunnel India with European influence. Remaining questions: where is the railway coming from? where is it going? did the line exist before Europe was in India or was it built after?