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Edges of Empire

KNW 2399: Edges of Empire

Markets and Economies

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William Johnson
DeGolyer Library
1855-1862

Charles Betts Waite
DeGolyer Library
1904

The first image on the left shows Indians selling cotton at their cotton market. This image is titled the cotton Market and was taken by William Johnson and William Henderson. It was taken in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. In this photo, we can see that the cotton vendors are huddled together wearing traditional Indian outfits. Based on their line of work and clothing, we can deduce that they are of a lower social class or caste in the case of Indian society. The large amounts of cotton surrounding them appear to have been produced or stored from the building directly behind them and I assume that they are working under someone else. This picture appears to be taken during a sunny day where these Indian vendors are working under hot weather. Clear boredom is shown across their faces, many of which appear unhappy. It can be seen that they are already accustomed to working under hot weather and is indicative of their character as hardworking citizens.

The second image on the right is an image of Mexicans selling flowers at the market.  This image is titled Selling Flowers at Market near capital city and was taken by Charles Betts Waites. It was taken in Mexico City. Large amounts of flower arrangements are scattered on the floor. The vendors appear to be wearing traditional Mexican garments which are identical amongst the flower vendors. The sombrero they wear is representative of their Mexican heritage. The large amount of people gathering in the market square indicate a booming economy where many people spend time in the market looking for things they would want to buy. Additionally, the marketplace seems to be a common pastime for Mexicans as they spend their days walking around looking at goods. Despite their low social status, the vendors seem to be smiling somewhat which indicates a level of satisfaction in their daily lives. An odd thing to note is that there appears to be a lack of differentiation amongst the flower vendors’ goods which might indicate a lack of innovation and creativity in the culture. The citizens of the city appear to be in high spirits.

These two photographs share many characteristics as they both depict a state of the economy of the respective countries. These two groups of people show citizens of low social standing attempting to sell their goods in the marketplace. In the cotton market of India, the market does not appear to be very busy and the vendors appear to be unhappy. On the other hand, the marketplace in Mexico City is bustling with activity whilst the vendors appear to be relaxed and satisfied, displaying a higher level of happiness on their faces. It can be assumed that the Spanish colonizers may have done a much better job than the British colonizers at motivating their merchants as the Indians look tortured whilst the Mexicans look pleasant. Both photographs are taken with each citizen wearing their individual country’s style of clothing, most likely to create a depiction of what Mexicans and Indians are like. The lack of product differentiation present in both pictures leads us to believe that both economies lacked innovation and sold most their goods in its base form. Though the focus of the two photographs are similar, the differences in detail allows us to understand the different outcomes different colonizers have created for their colonized.

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