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URGENT ACTION APPEAL - From Amnesty International USA
29 January 2010
UA 27/10 Death Penalty
USA Martin Grossman (m)
Martin Grossman, a 45-year-old white man, is due to be executed in the US state of Florida at 6pm on 16 February for a crime committed when he was 19 years old. He was convicted of murder in 1985, and has been on death row for nearly a quarter of a century.
Margaret Park, a 26-year-old woman employed as a wildlife officer by the state Game and Fish Commission, was shot dead while on patrol in coastal mid-western Florida on 13 December 1984. About two weeks later, 19-year-old Martin Grossman and Thayne Taylor, aged 17, were arrested. The two were tried jointly. Grossman was convicted of first-degree murder. Taylor was convicted of third-degree murder, a non-capital offense.
At the sentencing for Martin Grossman, the defense presented four witnesses - the defendant's mother, a childhood friend, and two correctional staff - in an attempt to portray his positive attributes to counter the facts of the crime on which the state was relying to obtain a death sentence. However, the jury voted for death, the judge accepted its recommendation, rejected Grossman's young age as a mitigating factor, and determined that there were no mitigating factors. The aggravating factors were held to include that the murder was committed to avoid arrest and that it was especially "wicked, evil, atrocious or cruel."
The appeal courts have rejected the claim that Grossman received inadequate representation at the sentencing phase. In an affidavit, Grossman's lead trial lawyer said that he and his defense colleague had done a "very poor and ineffective job." Upholding the death sentence in 2005, however, a federal judge ruled that this view was "premised on the benefit of hindsight." The second defense lawyer, who had been hired only two weeks before the sentencing to prepare mitigation evidence, stated that they should have told the trial judge that they were not ready.
The defense presented no expert mental health testimony, after their court-appointed psychologist told them that his assessment of Grossman had uncovered no problems serious enough to aid their defense. However, a forensic psychologist hired by Martin Grossman's lawyers several years after his conviction drew a different conclusion after a more thorough assessment. He concluded that there was much mental health evidence that called into question the notion that Martin Grossman had acted in premeditated fashion at the time of the crime or that should serve as mitigating evidence. Martin Grossman had "compromised intellectual functioning, probable brain dysfunction," and a "developmental history characterized by profound and untreated complicated bereavement" - (including as a result of the death in 1981 of his father, during whose long and serious illness Martin had acted as primary care-giver) - "a high level of fear and depression, and parental neglect, abandonment and mistreatment."
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
According to the trial record, Martin Grossman and Thayne Taylor had driven to a wooded area on the night of 13 December 1984 to shoot a handgun that Grossman had recently obtained. The two teenagers were confronted by Margaret Park who found the gun and began to radio the police. Martin Grossman, who was on probation at the time following a burglary conviction, pleaded with her not to turn him in as it would mean going back to prison. When she refused, he grabbed her torch and repeatedly struck her with it, with Taylor coming to his assistance. Margaret Park managed to draw her gun, and fire off a shot before Martin Grossman grabbed the weapon and fired a single shot which struck the officer in the head.
About two weeks later, Grossman and Taylor were arrested after an acquaintance, Brian Allan, told the police that they had admitted to the crime. The two had also apparently told another friend, Brian Hancock, of the shooting, and Martin Grossman also allegedly related the details of the shooting to a jail mate, Charles Brewer. The two defendants were tried jointly, over the objection of Martin Grossman's lawyer. The prosecution introduced the testimony of Allan, Hancock and Brewer against Grossman. It introduced against Thayne Taylor the statement that Taylor had given to the police. The jury was instructed that it could only use it against Taylor, not Grossman. While the courts have ruled that it was a constitutional error against Grossman to admit Taylor's statement in this way, they have ruled that the error was "harmless" given the other testimony pointing to Grossman's dominant role in the crime.
In 1990, Charles Brewer signed an affidavit retracting his trial testimony against Grossman. He said that he assisted the authorities because he believed they would help him with his own case. He said that the authorities had told him to continue talking to Grossman and had fed him questions to ask. Among other things, Brewer had testified that Grossman had told him that he had shot Margaret Park because he did not want to be arrested by a woman. In his affidavit, he said that the prosecutors emphasized to him "the female officer thing" when they were preparing him to testify. During the trial, the prosecution had repeatedly emphasized the suggestion that gender had been part of the motive for the killing. In his affidavit, Charles Brewer said that "I cannot say Martin told me that" and "Martin never said he shot her." On 14 January 2010, the Florida Supreme Court overturned the death sentence of another inmate, Paul Johnson, after finding that the state had induced him "to make incriminating statements to a jailhouse informant," and because the prosecutor had known the statements were "impermissibly elicited" and yet had introduced them at the 1988 trial. On 21 January 2010, a Florida judge rejected the argument that Grossman should receive the same relief as Johnson, on the grounds that there was no evidence that the state knew Brewer's testimony was false at the time of Grossman's trial. This and other issues are currently on appeal to the Florida Supreme Court.
Amnesty International opposes the death penalty unconditionally. To end the death penalty is to abandon a destructive, diversionary and divisive public policy that is not consistent with widely held values. It not only runs the risk of irrevocable error, it is also costly, to the public purse as well as in social and psychological terms. It has not been proven to have a special deterrent effect. It tends to be applied in a discriminatory way, on grounds of race and economic and social status. It denies the possibility of reconciliation and rehabilitation. It promotes simplistic responses to complex human problems, rather than pursuing explanations that could inform positive strategies. It prolongs the suffering of murder victims' families, and extends that suffering to the loved ones of the condemned prisoner. It diverts resources that could be better used to work against violent crime and assist those affected by it. The USA has carried out 1,193 executions since resuming judicial killing in 1977. Florida accounts for 68 of these executions. There have been five executions in the USA this year.
RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send appeals to arrive as quickly as possible:
- Explaining that you are not seeking to excuse the killing of Margaret Park;
- Noting Martin Grossman's young age at the time of the crime, and that he has spent 24 years on death row;
- Expressing concern that the jury heard no expert mental health testimony, noting the post-conviction assessment;
- Calling for clemency for Martin Grossman and for commutation of his death sentence.
APPEALS TO:
Governor Charlie Crist
Office of the Governor
The Capitol
400 S. Monroe St. Tallahassee
FL 32399-0001
Fax: 1 850 487 0801
Email: Charlie.Crist@MyFlorida.com
Salutation: Dear Governor Crist
PLEASE SEND APPEALS IMMEDIATELY.
Check with the AIUSA Urgent Action office if sending appeals after 16 February 2010.
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Amnesty International is a worldwide grassroots movement that promotes and defends human rights.
This Urgent Action may be reposted if kept intact, including contact information and stop action date (if applicable). Thank you for your help with this appeal.
Urgent Action Network
Amnesty International USA
600 Pennsylvania Ave SE 5th fl
Washington DC 20003
Email: uan@aiusa.org
http://www.amnestyusa.org/urgent/
Phone: 202.544.0200
Fax: 202.675.8566
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END OF URGENT ACTION APPEAL
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To take action for Troy Davis or learn more about his case online, please
click here:
www.amnestyusa.org/troydavis
URGENT ACTION APPEAL - From Amnesty International USA
16 October 2008
UA 283/08 - Death penalty/Legal concern
USA (Georgia) Troy Anthony Davis (m), black, aged 40
Troy Davis is scheduled to be executed in Georgia at 7pm
local time on 27 October. He has been on death row for 17
years for a crime he maintains he did not commit.
Troy Davis was convicted in 1991 of the murder of 27-year-
old Officer Mark Allen MacPhail who was shot and killed in
the car park of a Burger King restaurant in Savannah,
Georgia on 19 August 1989. Troy Davis was also convicted of
assaulting Larry Young, a homeless man, who was accosted
immediately before Officer MacPhail was shot. At the trial,
Troy Davis admitted that he had been at the scene of the
shooting, but claimed that he had neither assaulted Larry
Young nor shot Officer MacPhail. There was no physical
evidence identifying Troy Davis as the gunman and the weapon
used in the crime was never found. The case against him
consisted of witness testimony. In affidavits signed over
the years since the trial, a majority of the state's
witnesses have recanted or contradicted their testimony. In
addition, there is post-trial testimony implicating another
man as the gunman.
In March 2008, the Georgia Supreme Court denied Troy Davis a
new trial or a court hearing in which post-conviction
evidence could be presented. The Chief Justice of the state
Supreme Court, joined by two other Justices, dissented from
this decision, arguing that "In this case, nearly every
witness who identified Davis as the shooter at trial has now
disclaimed his or her ability to do so reliably. Three
persons have stated that Sylvester Coles confessed to being
the shooter. Two witnesses have stated that Sylvester Coles,
contrary to his trial testimony, possessed a handgun
immediately after the murder. Another witness has provided a
description of the crimes that might indicate that Sylvester
Coles was the shooter." The Chief Justice stated that "the
collective effect of all of Davis's new testimony, if it
were to be found credible by the trial court in a hearing,
would show the probability that a new jury would find
reasonable doubt of Davis's guilt or a least sufficient
residual doubt to decline to impose the death penalty."
Troy Davis was less than two hours from execution on 23
September 2008 when the US Supreme Court issued a stay of
execution to give it time to decide whether to hear his
appeal against the Georgia Supreme Court's ruling. The stay
of execution was dissolved on 14 October when the Court
announced that it had decided not to take the case. The
State of Georgia immediately moved to set a new execution
date.
The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles has already
rejected clemency for Troy Davis, and has indicated that it
will not reconsider its decision. It has sole authority to
grant executive clemency in Georgia capital cases.
Tens of thousands of people in the USA and around the world
have appealed for executive clemency for Troy Davis. Among
them are former US President Jimmy Carter, Archbishop
Desmond Tutu and Pope Benedict XVI; the European Union, the
European Parliament, and the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe; former FBI Director William Sessions, and
former and current members of US Congress Bob Barr, Carol
Moseley Braun and John Lewis.
International standards prohibit the execution of anyone
whose guilt is in doubt. Amnesty International opposes Troy
Davis's execution unconditionally, regardless of questions
of guilt or innocence, as it does all use of the death
penalty.
Since the USA resumed executions in 1977, 1,125 prisoners
have been put to death, 43 of them in Georgia. In the same
period, more than 100 people have been released from death
rows around the country on grounds of innocence, many of
them in cases in which witness testimony has been shown to
have been unreliable. Several prisoners have gone to their
deaths despite doubts about their guilt.
In late 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a
landmark resolution calling for a global moratorium on
executions. There have been 26 executions in the USA this
year.
For a full report on Troy Davis's case, see USA: "Where is
the justice for me?" The case of Troy Davis, facing
execution in Georgia, February 2007,
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/023/2007.
FURTHER RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send appeals to arrive as quickly as
possible:
- explaining that you are not seeking to condone the murder
of Officer Mark Allen MacPhail, or to downplay the
seriousness of the crime or the suffering caused;
- expressing deep concern that the State of Georgia has
again set an execution date for Troy Davis despite
continuing doubts about his guilt;
- calling on the Board to reconsider its decision not to
grant clemency to Troy Davis, and to commute his death
sentence.
APPEALS TO:
State Board of Pardons and Paroles
2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, SE, Suite 458
Balcony Level, East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334-4909
Fax: 1 404 651 8502
Tel : 1 404 657 9350
Email: Webmaster@pap.state.ga.us
Clemency_Information@pap.state.ga.us
Salutation: Dear Board members
COPIES TO:
Governor Sonny Perdue, Office of the Governor
Georgia State Capitol
Atlanta, GA 30334
Fax: 1 404 657 7332
Email:
http://gov.georgia.gov/00/gov/contact_us/0,2657,78006749_94820188,00.html
PLEASE SEND APPEALS IMMEDIATELY.
Check with the AIUSA Urgent Action Office if sending appeals after 27
October 2008.
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Tip of the Month:
Use shortcuts: Do whatever is necessary to make your letter
writing as quick and easy as possible. This way, letters
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paragraphs on torture, the death penalty, disappearances,
denial of medical care and so on, can be copied into your
working file and edited as needed.
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To all other destination countries:
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Amnesty International is a worldwide grassroots movement
that promotes and defends human rights.
This Urgent Action may be reposted if kept intact, including
contact information and stop action date (if applicable).
Thank you for your help with this appeal.
Urgent Action Network
Amnesty International USA
600 Pennsylvania Ave SE 5th fl
Washington DC 20003
Email: uan@aiusa.org
http://www.amnestyusa.org/urgent/
Phone: 202.544.0200
Fax: 202.675.8566
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END OF URGENT ACTION APPEAL
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